Inhaled corticosteroid-induced bone loss and preventive strategies

Abstract

Systemic corticosteroids are known to cause adverse effects on bone loss and, with long-term use, may result in osteoporosis. There is evidence that inhaled corticosteroids at moderate to high doses may also induce bone loss. This article discusses the effects of inhaled corticosteroids on bone formation and resorption. It also offers preventive strategies to minimize bone loss associated with long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids.