Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2000 Jun;2(3):191-5.
doi: 10.1007/s11894-000-0060-6.

Diagnosis and management of cricopharyngeal achalasia and other upper esophageal sphincter opening disorders

I J Cook  1
Affiliations
Review

Diagnosis and management of cricopharyngeal achalasia and other upper esophageal sphincter opening disorders

I J Cook. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2000 Jun.

Abstract

Recent literature on disorders of the upper esophageal sphincter is reviewed, including discussion of advances in measurement, diagnosis, treatment, and management. The etiology of upper esophageal sphincter disorders is summarized, along with its pathophysiology, with reference to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Medical and surgical options for improving pharyngeal clearance and minimizing aspiration are also discussed, as is the use of percutaneous esophageal gastrostomy feeding tubes.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1999 Apr;108(4):408-10 - PubMed
    1. Arch Surg. 1999 Jan;134(1):55-8 - PubMed
    1. Abdom Imaging. 1999 Sep-Oct;24(5):437-43 - PubMed
    1. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Apr;9(2):109-12 - PubMed
    1. Dysphagia. 1999 Summer;14 (3):176-82 - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources