Effect of withdrawal of calcium and vitamin D supplements on bone mass in elderly men and women

Abstract

Background: Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D reduces bone loss and prevents fractures in elderly people, but it is not known whether any lasting benefit remains if the supplements are discontinued.

Objective: The objective was to determine whether gains in bone mineral density (BMD) induced by calcium and vitamin D supplementation persist after supplement withdrawal.

Design: Two-hundred ninety-five healthy, elderly men and women (aged >/=68 y) who had completed a 3-y randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium and vitamin D supplementation were followed for an additional 2 y during which no study supplements were given. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and biochemical variables related to calcium metabolism and bone turnover were measured.

Results: In the 128 men, supplement-induced increases in spinal and femoral neck BMD were lost within 2 y of supplement discontinuation, but small benefits in total-body BMD remained. In the 167 women, there were no lasting benefits in total-body BMD or at any bone site. Consistent with the observations on BMD, the bone turnover rates in both men and women (as measured by serum osteocalcin concentrations) returned to their original higher concentrations within the same 2-y period.

Conclusion: Discontinued calcium and vitamin D supplementation has limited cumulative effect on bone mass in men and women aged >/=68 y.