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. 2000 Sep;38(9):3329-36.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.38.9.3329-3336.2000.

Molecular taxonomy of the Trichophyton rubrum complex

Y Gräser  1 , A F Kuijpers, W Presber, G S de Hoog
Affiliations

Molecular taxonomy of the Trichophyton rubrum complex

Y Gräser et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Sep.

Abstract

The validity of taxa around Trichophyton rubrum was evaluated by a combination of phenetic and molecular methods. Morphological and physiological features were compared to results of sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal operon, PCR fingerprinting, and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. The 15 species and varieties investigated (Trichophyton circonvolutum, Trichophyton fischeri, Trichophyton fluviomuniense, Trichophyton glabrum, Trichophyton gourvilii, Trichophyton kanei, Trichophyton kuryangei, Trichophyton megninii, Trichophyton pedis, Trichophyton raubitschekii, Trichophyton rodhaini, Trichophyton rubrum var. nigricans, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton violaceum var. indicum, and Trichophyton yaoundei) were reclassified or synonymized as T. rubrum or T. violaceum.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Bootstrap consensus tree obtained for ITS sequences of dermatophytes listed in Table 1. The tree was generated by using stepwise addition of sequences from the heuristic search option of PAUP (version 4.0b2). Ninety-three of the 630 selected sites were informative, and the tree length is 170 steps. Bootstrap values are shown above 70%. T. abissinicum and T. balcaneum were used as outgroup strains. EMBL accession numbers for the sequences are as follows: T. abissinicum, AJ270790; T. circonvolutum, AJ270791; T. fischeri, AJ270792-3; T. fluviomuniense, AJ270794-5; T. glabrum, AJ270796; T. gourvilli, AJ270797; T. kanei, AJ270798; T. kuryangei, AJ270799; T. megninii, AJ270800, Z97994; T. pedis, AJ270801; T. raubitscheckii, AJ270802-5; T. rodhaini, AJ270806; T. rubrum, AJ270807-8, Z97993; T. soudanense, AJ270809; T. violaceum, AJ270810-11; T. yaoundei, AJ270812-13. AUT, authentic strain; T, type strain.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Phenogram computed from the DNA fragment profiles obtained with all PCR fingerprinting and AFLP primer sets. The bar scale shows the similarity (in percent) computed by total character differences using PAUP 4.0b2. AUT, authentic strain; T, type strain.
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
PCR fingerprinting pattern obtained with primer T3B from representatives of the Trichophyton rubrum complex. Lane 1, kb ladder; lane 2, T. rubrum 392.58; lane 3, T. glabrum 499.48; lane 4, T. violaceum var. indicum 319.31; lane 5, T. yaoundei 305.60, lane 6, T. kuryangei 517.63; lane 7, T. kanei 289.86; lane 8, T. fischeri 100081; lane 9, T. megninii 735.88; lane 10, T. raubitschekii 100084.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
AFLP patterns (A, B, C) obtained with primer pair EcoRI-TGC–MseI-TGC from representatives of the T. rubrum complex. Lane 1, T. rubrum 392.58; lane 2, T. glabrum 499.48; lane 3, T. violaceum var. indicum 319.31; lane 4, T. yaoundei 305.60, lane 5, T. kuryangei 517.63; lane 6, T. kanei 289.86; lane 7, T. fischeri 100081; lane 8, T. megninii 735.88; lane 9, T. raubitschekii 100084.
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