Risk factors for lacunar infarcts

Abstract

Lacunar infarcts represent a stroke subgroup with controversial risk factors. Lacunar syndromes may be divided into two groups: the classic group (pure motor hemiplegia, pure sensory stroke, ataxic hemiparesis, dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome, sensorimotor stroke) and the miscellaneous group including all other lacunar syndromes. We studied risk factors of 200 consecutive patients with symptomatic lacunar infarcts diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. This study tested whether lacunar infarcts represent a homogeneous subgroup of strokes or not. Using descriptive and bivariate statistics, we found that the prevalences of arterial hypertension and cigarette smoking are lower in the miscellaneous group. Analysis of variance shows a significant difference in age between subgroups without interaction of sex. Nevertheless, using multivariate analysis, we did not find a difference between subgroups. Thus, lacunar infarcts seem to be a homogeneous subgroup of strokes, and the miscellaneous group of lacunar infarcts may be included into the lacunar infarct group and not into the vertebrobasilar large-artery infarct group.