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. 2000 Sep;232(3):324-30.
doi: 10.1097/00000658-200009000-00004.

Evolution in the management of hepatic trauma: a 25-year perspective

J David Richardson  1 , G A Franklin, J K Lukan, E H Carrillo, D A Spain, F B Miller, M A Wilson, H C Polk Jr, L M Flint
Affiliations

Evolution in the management of hepatic trauma: a 25-year perspective

J David Richardson et al. Ann Surg. 2000 Sep.

Abstract

Objective: To define the changes in demographics of liver injury during the past 25 years and to document the impact of treatment changes on death rates.

Summary background data: No study has presented a long-term review of a large series of hepatic injuries, documenting the effect of treatment changes on outcome. A 25-year review from a concurrently collected database of liver injuries documented changes in treatment and outcome.

Methods: A database of hepatic injuries from 1975 to 1999 was studied for changes in demographics, treatment patterns, and outcome. Factors potentially responsible for outcome differences were examined.

Results: A total of 1,842 liver injuries were treated. Blunt injuries have dramatically increased; the proportion of major injuries is approximately 16% annually. Nonsurgical therapy is now used in more than 80% of blunt injuries. The death rates from both blunt and penetrating trauma have improved significantly through each successive decade of the study. The improved death rates are due to decreased death from hemorrhage. Factors responsible include fewer major venous injuries requiring surgery, improved outcome with vein injuries, better results with packing, and effective arterial hemorrhage control with arteriographic embolization.

Conclusions: The treatment and outcome of liver injuries have changed dramatically in 25 years. Multiple modes of therapy are available for hemorrhage control, which has improved outcome.

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Figures

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Figure 1. Annual distribution of hepatic injuries by mechanism: ♦, total; ▪, blunt injuries; ▴, penetrating injuries). The increase in the total number of liver injuries treated in the last 12 years was due to an increase in blunt injuries.
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Figure 2. The total number of injuries (♦) per year increased during the past 12-year period. The percentage of severe (grade IV or greater) injuries remained stable (▪).
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Figure 3. Both total (▪, left panel) and liver-related (▴, right panel) death rates consistently decreased during the 25-year review (expressed as a percentage of all injuries).
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Figure 4. The death rate from hemorrhage consistently declined during the 25-year period (▪, blunt; ♦, penetrating).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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