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Review
. 2000 Oct;182(20):5641-52.
doi: 10.1128/JB.182.20.5641-5652.2000.

Keys to symbiotic harmony

W J Broughton  1 , S Jabbouri, X Perret
Affiliations
Review

Keys to symbiotic harmony

W J Broughton et al. J Bacteriol. 2000 Oct.
No abstract available

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Genetic and physical map of the symbiotic plasmid (pNGR234a) of the broad-host-range Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 (data from Freiberg et al. [33]). Arrows show the direction of transcription. Colors are used to group the genes and open reading frames into functional classes (color key). Small, numbered red arrows mark the position and orientation of the 19 nod boxes. Similarly, small, yellow arrows mark the position and orientation of NifA-ς54 promoters. Ω (omega cassette) marks the position of insertion or deletion (accompanying black boxes) mutations in various loci or genes. Only mutants containing the Ω insertion in nodD1 (sector A) (84) or the deletion of nodABC (sector H) are Nod− on all plants tested (84).
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Keys to symbiotic harmony. This model is based on Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 and its association with legumes. The flavonoid shown is apigenin, an activator of NodD1 of NGR234 (2). The NodNGR factors are redrawn from Price et al. (75), the EPS is redrawn from Djordjevic and Rolfe (22), and the TTSS is redrawn from Viprey et al. (109). The background shows a light micrograph of a root hair of Macroptilium atropurpureum infected with NGR234 (courtesy of P. Rochepeau).
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Synthesis of Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 Nod factors. This scheme is adapted from that proposed by Hanin et al. (39) with permission of the publisher and has been updated by incorporating data from Broughton and Perret (12) and Perret et al. (70). Abbreviations: Ac, acetate; Ac-CoA, acetyl coenzyme A; CoA, coenzyme A; GlcNAc, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine; PAPS, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
Overview of the nodulation capacities of the Leguminosae and selected rhizobia (adapted from Pueppke and Broughton [77] with permission of the publisher). Tribes of the Leguminosae nodulated by the broad-host-range Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 are marked in red, while tribes not nodulated by NGR234 are boxed in blue. Red arrows reflect possibly evolutionary relationships. Types of nodules produced on legumes of the different tribes are denoted by pictograms (red for the aeschynomenoid [A] type, blue for the determinate [D] type, and green for indeterminate [I] nodules). Note that both types of nodules are found within the Loteae (see reference 77). Those tribes shown in yellow boxes are known to include promiscuous species (defined here as Nod+ with three or more Rhizobium species or isolates from three or more different legume genera). Little is known about the rhizobial (or Nod factor) requirements of the Abreae and Adesmieae. In contrast, how R. leguminosarum bv. vicieae, R. leguminosarum bv. trifolieae, and R. meliloti interact with the Cicereae, Vicieae, and Trifolieae has been well studied. Each of these tribes has strong preferences for Nod factors containing polyunsaturated acyl chains (shown in fuchsia). All the other tribes have a requirement for one or more members of the family of NodNGR factors shown at the bottom of the diagram. The data for the different tribes and species were taken from the following references and sources: Acacieae (Acacia farnesiana), Trinick (101); Aeschynomeneae (Arachis hypogaea), Wong et al. (115); Amporheae (Amorpha fruticosa) Wilson (114); Desmodieae (Desmodium infortum and Desmodium uncinatum), Lewin et al. (53) and H. Meyer z.A. and W. J. Broughton, unpublished data; Loteae (Lotus pedunculatus), Lewin et al. (53) and Meyer z.A. and Broughton, unpublished; Mimoseae (Leucaeana leucocephala, Mimosa invisa, and Mimosa pudica, Lewin et al. (53), Trinick (101); Mirbelieae (Chorizema ilicifolium), Wilson (114); Phaseoleae (Centrosema pubescens, Centrosema virginininianum, G. max, Lablab purpureus, M. atropurpureum, Phaseolus coccineus, P. vulgaris, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, and Vigna unguiculata), Broughton et al. (11), Ikram et al. (47), Ikram and Broughton (45), Faizah et al. (27), Ikram and Broughton (46), Wilson (114), Lewin et al. (53), Trinick (101), Michiels et al. (61), and Meyer z.A. and Broughton, unpublished; and Robinieae (Robinia pseudoacacia, Sesbania drummondii, and Sesbania grandiflora), Wilson (114), Trinick (101), McCray-Batzli et al. (59), Schäfers and Werner (89).
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References

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