Structural and spatial organisation of brain parenchymal vessels in the lizard, Podarcis sicula: a light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy study

Abstract

The structure and 3-dimensional pattern of the intraparenchymal microvessels in the brain of the lizard, Podarcis sicula, were studied by a combination of light and transmission electron microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. The angioarchitecture pattern consists of narrow hairpin-shaped microvascular loops of different length originating from the meningeal surface. In each loop, descending and ascending vessels are closely apposed to one another throughout their length and are connected by a narrow U-shaped terminal loop at their tips. The 2 limbs of the vessel pairs show a slightly different diameter but lack other structural differences. While some paired vessels give rise to a secondary hairpin-shaped loop with 2 possible branching patterns, there are no anastomotic intraparenchymal connections with analogous neighbouring structures. The cerebral vascular pattern of Podarcis sicula resembles that found in a few representatives of other vertebrate classes. All cerebral vessels structurally appear to be capillaries. Also the observations carried out on semithin and thin sections strongly support the capillary loop model in the Podarcis brain vasculature and, in accordance with studies carried out on various vertebrates, the general submicroscopic features of the brain capillary wall suggest the presence of an endothelial type blood-brain barrier.