Projected long-term costs of coronary stenting in multivessel coronary disease based on the experience of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI)

Abstract

Background: Stents are now used in the majority of percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures. It is not clear whether the higher initial cost of stenting is later repaid by reducing costly complications and repeat revascularization procedures, especially for patients with multivessel disease.

Methods: To project the long-term costs of using coronary stents, angioplasty, or bypass surgery to treat patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, we developed a decision model based on the outcomes documented in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) randomized trial of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We studied 2 clinical strategies: provisional stenting of suboptimal PTCA results and primary stenting of all angiographically eligible lesions. The cost of CABG was also updated to reflect contemporary practice.

Results: Provisional stenting had lower projected costs over a 4-year period than either traditional PTCA (-$1742, or -3.4%) or contemporary CABG (-$832, or -1.7%), mostly because of reductions in emergency CABG after PTCA. In contrast, primary stenting had higher projected costs over a 4-year period than either PTCA (+$333, or +0. 7%) or contemporary CABG (+$1243, or +2.5%), mainly because of the higher initial procedure costs. These results were not substantially altered when we systematically varied the key parameters of the models in 1-way and 2-way sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions: A primary stenting strategy in patients with multivessel disease has higher projected long-term costs than CABG. In contrast, a provisional stenting strategy in multivessel disease has lower projected costs than either PTCA or CABG.