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. 2000 Sep;15(9):611-9.
doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.06139.x.

Problems of older adults living alone after hospitalization

J E Mahoney  1 , J Eisner, T Havighurst, S Gray, M Palta
Affiliations

Problems of older adults living alone after hospitalization

J E Mahoney et al. J Gen Intern Med. 2000 Sep.

Abstract

Objective: To describe functional deficits among older adults living alone and receiving home nursing following medical hospitalization, and the association of living alone with lack of functional improvement and nursing home utilization 1 month after hospitalization.

Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Participants: Consecutive sample of patients age 65 and over receiving home nursing following medical hospitalization. Patients were excluded for new diagnosis of myocardial infarction or stroke in the previous 2 months, diagnosis of dementia if living alone, or nonambulatory status. Of 613 patients invited to participate, 312 agreed.

Measurements: One week after hospitalization, patients were assessed in the home for demographic information, medications, cognition, and self-report of prehospital and current mobility and function in activities of daily living (ADLs) and independent activities of daily living (IADLs). One month later, patients were asked about current function and nursing home utilization. The outcomes were lack of improvement in ADL function and nursing home utilization 1 month after hospitalization.

Results: One hundred forty-one (45%) patients lived alone. After hospital discharge, 40% of those living alone and 62% of those living with others had at least 1 ADL dependency (P =.0001). Patients who were ADL-dependent and lived alone were 3.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.4 to 7. 6) times less likely to improve in ADLs and 3.5 (95% CI, 1.0 to 11. 9) times more likely to be admitted to a nursing home in the month after hospitalization.

Conclusion: Patients who live alone and receive home nursing after hospitalization are less likely to improve in function and more likely to be admitted to a nursing home, compared with those who live with others. More intensive resources may be required to continue community living and maximize independence.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Change in ADL and IADL function over time comparing patients living alone versus those living with others. For ADL function, P = .0001 for time-group interaction. For IADL function, P = .708 for time-group interaction. *P = .0193 comparing ADL change (prehospital to discharge) for living alone group versus living with others group. **P = .0001 comparing ADL change (discharge to 1-month) for living alone group versus living with others group.
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