The acute phase response of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA) in cattle undergoing experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Abstract

The ability of a pure virus infection to induce an acute phase protein response is of interest as viral infections are normally considered to be less efficient in inducing an acute phase protein response than bacterial infections. This was studied in a bovine model for infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), analysing the induction of the two most dominant bovine acute phase proteins haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA). Strong and reproducible acute phase responses were detected for both proteins, peaking at around 7-8 days after inoculation of BRSV, while no response was seen in mock-inoculated control animals. The serum concentrations reached for SAA and haptoglobin during the BRSV-induced acute phase response were generally the same or higher than previously reported for bacterial infections in calves. The magnitude and the duration of the haptoglobin response was found to correlate well with the severity of clinical signs (fever) and with the extent of lung consolidation while SAA responded most rapidly to infection.

Fig. 1

(A) SAA (left-hand side) and haptoglobin (right-hand side). Infected animals: (★) 1; (•) 2; (▾) 3; (◆) 4; (▴) 5; (■) 6. Control animals: (○) 11; (□) 8; (▽) 9; (▵) 10. Horizontal line depicts the detection limit of the assay (haptoglobin). None of the control animals had haptoglobin levels above the detection limit of the assay. (B) SAA (left-hand side) and haptoglobin (right-hand side). Infected animal: (•) 11; (■) 12; (▴) 13; (▾) 14. Horizontal line depicts the detection limit of the assay (haptoglobin). (C) SAA (left-hand side) and haptoglobin (right-hand side). Infected animals: (•) 15; (▴) 16. Horizontal line depicts the detection limit of the assay (haptoglobin).