The survival characteristics of dense sickle cells

Abstract

Sickle red blood cells (RBCs) become depleted of potassium, leading to dehydration and abnormally elevated cellular density. The increased sickling that results is important for both hemolysis and vasocclusion. In this study, sickle cells were subjected to high-speed centrifugation, and the bottom 15% were isolated. This procedure removed light cells and to a variable degree enriched cells that were denser than normal to produce a high-density-enriched (HDE) population of sickle cells. Autologous HDE cells from 3 subjects were labeled with biotin and re-infused. The following determinations were performed: (1) the survival and density changes of HDE cells; (2) the amount of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in labeled cells after magnetic isolation; (3) the percentage of labeled F cells; (4) the percentage of labeled cells displaying external phosphatidylserine (PS). For patients with 3.5%, 4.5%, and 24% HbF in the HDE RBCs, the circulation half-time was 40, 80, and 180 hours, respectively. The percentage of HbF (measured in all 3 subjects) and of F cells (measured in 2 subjects) in labeled RBCs increased with time after re-infusion, indicating that HDE F cells have longer in vivo survival than HDE non-F cells. The percentage of PS(+), biotin-labeled HDE cells showed no consistent increase or decrease with time after re-infusion. These data provide evidence that HDE sickle cells, especially those that do not contain HbF, have a very short in vivo survival, and that the percentage of PS(+) cells in a re-infused HDE population does not change in a consistent manner as these cells age in the circulation.