Catastrophe of riddling

Abstract

Most existing works on riddling assume that the underlying dynamical system possesses an invariant subspace. We find that, under arbitrarily small, deterministic perturbations, a riddled basin is typically destroyed and replaced by fractal ones, a catastrophe of riddling. We elucidate, based on analyzing unstable periodic orbits, the dynamical mechanism of the catastrophe. Analysis of the critical behaviors leads to the finding of a transient chaotic behavior that is different from those reported previously.