Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of myocardium at risk: distinction between reversible and irreversible injury throughout infarct healing

Abstract

Objectives: We sought to determine the relationship of delayed hyperenhancement by contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to viable and nonviable myocardium within the region at risk throughout infarct healing.

Background: The relationship of delayed MRI contrast enhancement patterns to injured but viable myocardium within the ischemic bed at risk has not been established.

Methods: We compared in vivo and ex vivo MRI contrast enhancement to histopathologic tissue sections encompassing the entire left ventricle in dogs (n = 24) subjected to infarction with (n = 12) and without (n = 12) reperfusion at 4 h, 1 day, 3 days, 10 days, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. In vivo MR imaging was performed 30 min after contrast injection.

Results: The sizes and shapes of in vivo myocardial regions of elevated image intensity (828+/-132% of remote) were the same as those observed ex vivo (241 slices, r = 0.99, bias = 0.05+/-1.6% of left ventricle [LV]). Comparison of ex vivo MRI to triphenyltetrazolim chloride-stained sections demonstrated that the spatial extent of hyperenhancement was the same as the spatial extent ofinfarction at every stage of healing (510 slices, lowest r = 0.95, largest bias = 1.7+/-2.9% of LV). Conversely, hyperenhanced regions were smaller than the ischemic bed at risk defined by fluorescent microparticles at every stage of healing (239 slices, 35+/-24% of risk region, p<0.001). Image intensities of viable myocardium within the risk region were the same as those of remote, normal myocardium (102+/-9% of remote, p = NS).

Conclusions: Delayed contrast enhancement by MRI distinguishes between viable and nonviable regions within the myocardium at risk throughout infarct healing.