Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a hydraulic-pneumatic band

Abstract

Improved blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been shown to enhance survival from cardiac arrest. Chest compression with a circumferential pneumatic vest enhances blood flow, but the size, weight, and energy consumption of the inflation system limit its portability and, thereby, have made clinical studies difficult. The purpose of this investigation was to study an improved circumferential chest compression device that uses a constricting band that is pneumatically actuated. The constricting band applies its force to a hydraulic cushion that contacts the anterior and lateral aspects of the chest. The hydraulic cushion transfers the circumferential constriction to inward force. CPR was performed on subjects 5 mins after induction of ventricular fibrillation, with the hydraulic-pneumatic band system (HB-CPR), with a pneumatic vest system (PV-CPR), and with standard manual CPR (S-CPR), each done for 2 mins in randomized order. Aortic and right atrial pressures were measured with micromanometers. Coronary perfusion pressure was calculated as the mean difference between the aortic and right atrial pressures during the release phase of chest compression. Aortic pressure and coronary perfusion pressure with HB-CPR and PV-CPR were improved over S-CPR, and HB-CPR produced comparable pressures to those of PV-CPR. The system for performing HB-CPR, however, was substantially lighter (10 vs. 50 kg) and consumed less energy (300 vs. 1000 watts) than that for PV-CPR. Thus, HB-CPR appears to produce a similar improvement in hemodynamics over S-CPR as PV-CPR but may be more portable than PV-CPR. Therefore, HB-CPR may allow larger scale testing of circumferential chest compression approaches.