A retro-inverso peptide homologous to helix 1 of c-Myc is a potent and specific inhibitor of proliferation in different cellular systems

Abstract

In 1998 we reported that an L-peptide derived from H1 of c-Myc (Int-H1-S6A,F8A), linked to an internalization sequence from the third a-helix of Antennapedia, was endowed with an antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity toward a human mammary cancer cell line: The activity apparently depends upon the presence of the Myc motif. In the present work we have added new dimensions to our original findings. It is known that short retro-inverso (RI-) peptides can assume a 3D conformation very close to their corresponding L-forms and can be recognized by the same monoclonal antibody. We synthesized a RI-peptide form of our original L-peptide: It was much more resistant to serum peptidases than the original molecule (a half life of days rather than hours); in addition, the RI-form of the original Antennapedia internalization sequence was perfectly capable of carrying a D-peptide into human cells. We have studied three different potentially active peptides. L-peptides: Int-H1wt, Int-H1-S6A,F8A. D-peptides: RI-Int -H1-S6A,F8A. We have also studied three presumed control peptides: Int and RI-Int (no H1 motif), H1-S6A,F8A (no internalization sequence). Both 'active' and 'control' peptides have essentially confirmed our expectations, however, in cells treated with the higher concentration (10 mM) of the control peptide RI-Int, non-Myc related side effects could be detected. In order to investigate whether the antiproliferative activities displayed by some of our molecules were indeed related to an interference with the role of c-Myc (and molecules of the family), we chose an iso-amphipathic modified peptide of the H1 motif, with a proximity coefficient >50% and where the major change was at position 7 (F-->A). From a family of 73 H1 motifs belonging to (H1-Loop-H2) hu man sequences, the smallest evolutionary distance from our reference peptide was observed for the H1 of N-Myc, L-Myc, c-Myc, H1-S6A,F8A of c-Myc, and Max, in that order. Our reference peptide was therefore appropriate as a check of whether we were indeed observing activities related to Myc functions. Both Int-H1isoamph and the corresponding RI-Int-H1isoamph peptide were synthesized and studied. In terms of biological targets, we added to the human mammary cancer line of our previous work (MCF-7 cells) a colon cancer line (HCT-116 cells) and also a system of normal cells: human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) stimulated with phytohemoagglutinin (PHA). Peptides carrying an iso-amphipathic-modified H1 sequence were always very clearly (3-10 times) less active than the corresponding peptides carrying a conserved "H1 of Myc" motif. This finding was noted in five independent situations (all the cellular models considered at the present time): MCF-7 cells treated with L-peptides; MCF-7 cells treated with RI-peptides; HCT-116 cells treated with L-peptides; PBLs treated with L-peptides; PBLs treated with RI-peptides. Modulation of transcription levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), p53, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), in PBLs treated with our different molecules, was well compatible with an interference by our active peptides at the level of Myc transcriptional activity. We had already reported a similar observation in MCF-7 cells. On a molar basis, RI-peptides were about 5-10 times more potent and 30-35 times more stable in complete culture medium, than their corresponding L-forms. RI-Int can probably internalize longer peptido-mimetic molecules (for instance molecules mimetic of (H1-Loop-H2), or even more. These possibilities open the way to rodent studies and to more potent/selective Myc inhibitors-two steps closer to a potential drug.