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Review
. 2000 Dec 4;192(11):F31-4.
doi: 10.1084/jem.192.11.f31.

Follicular homing T helper (Th) cells and the Th1/Th2 paradigm

C R Mackay  1
Affiliations
Review

Follicular homing T helper (Th) cells and the Th1/Th2 paradigm

C R Mackay. J Exp Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Development and positioning of subsets of effector T cells in lymphoid tissue. Naive T cells and dendritic cells colocalize in the T cell zones, through actions of chemokines such as CCL19 (macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-3β). Naive T cell activation is dependent on CD28–B7-1 or –B7-2 interactions. For CD4+ cells, at least three effector subsets may arise: Th1 cells, Th2 cells, or TFH cells. TFH cells can be distinguished by their expression of CXCR5 and their ability to position within B cell follicles, whereas Th1 and Th2 express other chemokine receptors. TFH differ from Th1 or Th2 cells by their lack of cytokine production. Similar to Th2 cells, they express high levels of ICOS, a CD28-like molecule that binds B7RP-1 expressed on B cells. The issue of whether Th1 and Th2 cells localize within B cell follicles is unresolved, although the cytokines they produce certainly influence B cell development. IL-4 stimulates B cells and induces IgE isotype switching, whereas IFN-γ induces IgG isotypes for antiviral defence. The exact relationship of TFH to Th1 and Th2 cells is undetermined, and it is possible that TFH cells derive from either cell type. CXCR5+ T cells in blood (descendents from TFH?) have a phenotype consistent with memory rather than effector function. Phenotypes listed are generalizations.
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