Periodontal health of orthodontically extruded impacted teeth. A split-mouth, long-term clinical evaluation

Abstract

Background: Impaction of front teeth (often upper canines) can result in esthetic, functional, and phonetic problems, in addition to root resorption and chronic or acute infections. Most impacted front teeth can be extruded orthodontically after minor periodontal surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the periodontal outcome of surgically exposed and orthodontically extruded impacted teeth compared with the spontaneously erupted contralateral teeth.

Methods: A total of 38 patients, who had been treated by a combined surgical and orthodontic approach (closed eruption technique by same periodontist and 2 associated orthodontists), underwent a periodontal re-examination after 4 to 10 years. Periodontal parameters (plaque and gingivitis indices, probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival recession and width, bone level, and root resorption) of the orthodontically extruded teeth (test) were scored and compared with those of the contralateral naturally erupted teeth (control) in a masked set-up.

Results: No significant differences could be detected between test and control teeth, except for the gingival width, which was 1 mm larger for the spontaneously erupted teeth.

Conclusions: The data indicate that orthodontic extrusion of impacted front teeth does not jeopardize their periodontal health. This procedure appears to be a satisfactory alternative to extraction and/or transplantation.