Appendiceal CT in pediatric patients: relationship of visualization to amount of peritoneal fat

Abstract

Objective: This study was performed to determine the rate of visualization of the normal pediatric appendix on CT and to evaluate the relationship of the appendix to parameters such as amount of intraperitoneal fat, use of contrast material, patient age, and slice thickness.

Materials and methods: Three board-certified radiologists retrospectively reviewed 248 successive pediatric abdominal and pelvic CT examinations performed from 1995 to 1999. Each radiologist independently assessed the degree of intraperitoneal fat (minimal, moderate, or marked compared with a standard slice), appendiceal visualization (definite, unsure, not seen), cecal and terminal ileal opacification, and the outer diameter of visualized appendixes. The age and sex of the patient, collimation thickness (3-10 mm), and use of enteric or IV contrast material was also recorded.

Results: A normal appendix was identified in 120 (48.4%) of 248 examinations. The only individual variable with statistically significant correlation was the degree of intraperitoneal fat. This was determined using the Pearson chi-square test, the likelihood ratio, and logistic regression. The appendix was seen in 68.8% (n = 93) of patients with moderate or marked intraperitoneal fat versus 36.1% (n = 155) with minimal fat (p<0.001). A trend toward decreased visualization in children younger than 10 years old with minimal peritoneal fat was identified and confirmed with a 95% confidence limit. The outer diameter of the visualized appendix varied from 3 to 10 mm, with a mean value of 6 mm.

Conclusion: Increased peritoneal fat significantly increases the rate of identification of the normal appendix in pediatric patients. Although less fat is generally seen in younger patients, there is significant overlap of appendix visualization among age groups.