Evaluation and further development of a pyrogenicity assay based on human whole blood

Abstract

When cells of the immune system, i.e. primarily blood monocytes and macrophages, come into contact with pyrogens (fever inducing contaminations) they release mediators transmitting the fever reaction within the organism. A new pyrogen test exploits this reaction for the detection of pyrogens: human whole blood taken from healthy volunteers is incubated in the presence of the test sample. In case of pyrogen contamination, the formation of interleukin-1 is induced, which is determined by ELISA. According to the various pharmacopoeia, the rabbit pyrogen test determines the fever reaction following injection of a test sample. In comparison, the new whole blood assay is more sensitive, less expensive and determines the reaction of the targeted species. In contrast to the well established in vitro alternative, i.e. the limulus amebocyte lysate assay (LAL), the blood assay is not restricted to endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria and is not to the same extent disturbed by endotoxin-binding blood proteins. Here, interim results of the ongoing optimisation and prevalidation are demonstrated. Preliminary data of the evaluation for biological and pharmaceutical drugs are presented.