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Comment
. 2001 Feb 19;193(4):F11-4.
doi: 10.1084/jem.193.4.f11.

HIV and apoptosis death and the mitochondrion

G Basañez  1 , J Zimmerberg
Affiliations
Comment

HIV and apoptosis death and the mitochondrion

G Basañez et al. J Exp Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Hypothetical interactions of Vpr with outer and inner mitochondrial membranes in the mechanism of Vpr-induced apoptosis. Column A: Outer membrane mechanisms. First, Vpr is proposed to pass through VDAC 5. Second, Vpr is known to traverse biological membranes autonomously 7. Third, Vpr may induce lipidic pores, local discontinuities in the lipid bilayer structure of the membrane composed of lipids or lipid and proteins 13. Fourth, Vpr may traverse a lipidic pore of its own induction. Column B: Inner membrane mechanisms. First, Vpr is shown to bind to ANT and proposed to cause ANT to change conformation to create a channel in the inner membrane 5. Second, while binding to ANT, Vpr may also interact with inner membrane or matrix components in as yet unknown ways to cause depolarization and inner membrane swelling. Third, Vpr may induce a lipidic pore in the inner membrane. Column C: Release of apoptogenic factors. First, inner membrane swelling (secondary to inner membrane permeabilization) ruptures the outer mitochondrial membrane, releasing cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP)-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO), and other intermembrane factors that cause apoptosis 16 17. Second, Vpr-induced lipidic pores in the outer membrane can widen, depending on outer membrane surface tension and spontaneous curvature 13. Note that these putative interactions are not mutually exclusive and may be synergistic. For example, any increased swelling of the inner membrane could increase surface tension in the outer membrane and widen lipidic pores. Also, the local rupture of the outer membrane caused by swelling-induced tension is probably a lipidic pore, albeit a wide one.
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References

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