[Reduction of perinatal transmission of HIV-1: antiretroviral prophylaxis and obstetrical interventions]

Abstract

Incorporation of zidovudine prophylaxis (given to the mother during the third trimester of pregnancy and at delivery and to the newborn during the first 6 weeks of life) in clinical practice has substantially reduced the perinatal transmission of HIV-1 and the number of pediatric AIDS cases in industrialized countries. Rates of transmission of +/- 1% have been observed with the combination of antiretroviral prophylaxis and elective caesarean delivery. Elimination of perinatal transmission of HIV is therefore a feasible goal in Europe and the United States. Recent studies have identified less complex and less expensive preventive therapies more applicable to developing countries.