[Biological properties of the mechanism of "marine" phospholipids containing omega-3 fatty acids]

Abstract

The Laboratory mainly deals with the development of biologic technologies for producing physiologically active lipid-protein-nature compounds from marine organisms containing omega-3 fatty acids (that are membrane components) with further evaluation of their action both in the normal state and in some simulated pathologic states as well as with creation of new preparations for application in medicine and agriculture on their basis. As a result of the experiments performed, a technology for producing two biologic preparations, namely, surface active compounds (phospholipids) and a nucleopeptid-lipid complex, exhibiting a specific action, was developed. The phospholipid complex, being surface-active in composition, was characterized as a complex possessing some surfactant-type properties and displaying an antioxidant and a membrane-stabilizing effect. On the basis of the complex including marine phospholipids with omega-3 fatty acids, the preparation "Phylomek", which is the concentrate of essential marine phospholipids, and the preparation "Morephyl", which is a marine agent with surfactant-type effect, intended for animals and poultry, were created. The ingredients of the nucleopeptid-lipid complex were identified, and its effect on the increase of testosterone levels in the blood of old and sick animals was determined. A stimulating agent of genital hormones secretion was recommended for application in the geriatrics in the case of genital function disturbance and presenilation. A fraction similar in chemical content and specific activity, found in the velvet antlers, was used as the base of the biologic preparation "Pantheron". The natural complexes of marine phospholipids were shown to be able to change the composition of lipids of membranes, but the intensity of these changes differed in cells differing in function. In the study of the biochemical mechanism of correction of disturbances in the cell membranes under an oxidative stress, the interrelation between the composition of lipids of membranes, their oxidation, and the content of natural antioxidants was determined. The reparative effect of marine phospholipids on the cell membranes under progressing pathology, caused by the restoration of the composition of phospholipids, by increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase), and by a decrease of the accumulation of LPO products, was established. Under interaction of marine phospholipids and alpha-tocopherol, synergism was noticed, the antioxidant potential of the investigated substances and their membrane-stabilizing effect increased. The phospholipids with various residues of PUFA in the molecule were found to affect the inhibition and oxidation processes, as well as the modelling of lipid membranes. This is especially true for arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, the ratio of which changes under the oxidative stress. At administration of phospholipids omega-3, their ratio decreases due a decrease in the level of unetherificated PUFA. The main changes of the PUFA were found to occur in phosphatidylethanolamine isolated from microsomes. The particular role of phosphatidylethanolamine and arachidonic acid in the reparation of membranes under the action of phospholipids PUFA omega-3 and alpha-tocopherol was noted.