Pulp capping with adhesive resin-based composite vs. calcium hydroxide: a review

Abstract

The results of some short-term experiments suggest that direct capping of a vital pulp with the modern resin-based composite systems may be as effective as capping with calcium hydroxide. Total cavity etching with 10% phosphoric acid seems to be safe for the exposed pulp, but unless annulled by calcium hydroxide 35% phosphoric acid may be disastrous. For hemostasis and cleaning of the pulp wound both sodium hypochlorite and saline seem suitable, whereas the effectiveness of a 2% chlorhexidine solution is questionable. Although hard-setting calcium hydroxide cements may induce the formation of dentin bridges, they appear not to provide an effective long-term seal against bacterial factors. Within a few years, the majority of mechanically exposed and capped pulps show infection and necrosis due to microleakage of such capping materials and tunnel defects in the dentin bridges. It is unknown whether newer types of resin containing calcium-hydroxide-products will act as a permanent barrier. The cytotoxicity of the resin-based composites and the temperature rise during polymerisation may not be of concern, but microleakage, sensitisation and allergic reactions may pose problems. Based on available data, pulp capping with resin-based composites may be said to be promising, but more and long-term research is mandatory before the method can be recommended.