[Birth asphyxia as a cause of cerebral palsy]

Abstract

Birth asphyxia is O2i CO2 exchange disorder during the labour, with consequent hypoxia and ischemia. The term "asphyxia" has been used unprecisely quite often. The most frequently used criteria for birth asphyxia have been: fetal bradycardia, meconium stained amniotic fluid, fetal acido-base status with umbilical artery pH value below 7.10, low Apgar score and need for endotracheal intubation. The correct Apgar score quantification depends on the examiner. Fetal acido-base status measured in umbilical artery could be useful biochemical parameter of birth asphyxia. Only if the fetal oxygen supply during the labour is severe and long enough disturbed, the neurological abnormalities will develop later. Our study has enrolled 70 children with various degree of motor impairment, detected during neonatal period and/or infancy. They have been followed up till 24 months chronological age for term neonates and 24 months corrected age for prematures. 34 children out of them have developed clear clinical signs of cerebral palsy. Birth asphyxia as a possible cause of cerebral palsy has been documented in 10 cases, e.g. 29.4%. The criteria for birth asphyxia have been low Apgar score, meconium stained amniotic fluid and clinical signs of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Fetal blood gas and acido-base measurements obtained from umbilical artery at delivery have been an important parameter of intrapartal asphyxia. Those measurements should be introduced as a routine method in our practice, in the cases of fetal heart deceleration, to asses the extent of fetal acidosis.