Poorly differentiated follicular thyroid carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of two cases

Abstract

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas with follicular cell phenotype are not well defined. Different diagnostic criteria have been employed for these tumors, including solid growth, nodular, trabecular, and insular patterns. Cytologic features, such as a predominance of tall and columnar cells, have been considered to be diagnostic of poorly differentiated carcinoma. However, there is no agreement among surgical pathologists regarding morphologic criteria for poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. We report two unique thyroid neoplasms that we interpreted as poorly differentiated follicular carcinomas. Nodular, trabecular, and sheetlike patterns predominated in both tumors. They were composed of cells that were focally immunoreactive for thyroglobulin and had large vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli. A variable number of cells showed rhabdoid phenotype. The rhabdoid inclusions did not stain for thyroglobulin but contained whorls of intermediate filaments that were vimentin positive. There were foci of necrosis and numerous mitotic figures. Both patients were adults and died with multiple pulmonary metastases. The presence of rhabdoid cells in poorly differentiated follicular carcinomas broadens the spectrum of tumors with rhabdoid phenotype. More cases are needed to determine whether the rhabdoid phenotype is a marker for poorly differentiated follicular carcinoma as well as an independent adverse prognostic factor.