Acquired inhibitor to factor VIII in small cell lung cancer: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Acquired hemophilia (antibodies or inhibitors to factor VIII) is the most common acquired disease affecting clotting factors. It has been described in association with autoimmune disease, malignancy, dermatologic disorders, in the postpartum period, and with drug interactions. Factor VIII inhibitors have been previously described with lung cancer, three with squamous cell and one with adenocarcinoma. A 54-year-old woman presented with weight loss and shoulder pain. A chest X-ray revealed a right hilar mass, confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan and biopsy revealed small cell lung cancer. Coagulation panel prior to bronchoscopy showed an increased partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The presence of factor VIII inhibitor was demonstrated at 5 Bethesda units. The patient was treated with fresh frozen plasma twice for hemorrhagic episodes, and six cycles of chemotherapy were begun with carboplatin and etoposide 16. Eight months after the diagnosis, her aPTT was normal and the factor VIII inhibitor titer was undetectable. This is the first case report of small cell lung cancer and acquired hemophilia. A causal relationship between the malignancy and the presence of factor VIII inhibitors is suggested by the response to therapy.