Ocular and central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features and diagnosis

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical, angiographic, and cytopathologic features of ocular and central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma.

Patients and methods: Retrospective study of 44 patients over a 10-year period.

Results: A total of 36 women and six men, mean age 54 years (range: 36-90 years), were included. The mean time interval between onset of ocular symptoms and diagnosis was 40 months (range: 1-144 months). Ocular involvement was bilateral in 84% of the cases. Laser flare photometry readings averaged 9.6 photons/ms (2.9-78.3 photons/ms). Vitritis was constant. Funduscopy revealed RPE abnormalities in 60.49% of the cases and punctuate retinal infiltrates in 33.5%. The most common findings with fluorescein angiography were window defects and hypofluorescent round lesions. Patients had CNS involvement in 66% of the cases. Cytologic examination of the vitreous samples showed high-grade B lymphoma in 86% of the cases. Interleukin-10 dosage, when performed, showed elevated levels averaging 2352 pg/ml in all vitreous samples. Molecular biology based on PCR confirmed the diagnosis in 12 patients. Treatment included systemic chemotherapy alone or associated with radiotherapy in various regimens. Fourteen patients died during follow-up. Only 12 patients were in complete remission.

Conclusion: The prognosis of the disease remains poor. However, the new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies may improve the diagnostic delay and the survival outcome.