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. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):476-9.
doi: 10.1126/science.1060182. Epub 2001 Mar 22.

Observation of vortex lattices in Bose-Einstein condensates

J R Abo-Shaeer  1 , C Raman, J M Vogels, W Ketterle
Affiliations

Observation of vortex lattices in Bose-Einstein condensates

J R Abo-Shaeer et al. Science. .

Abstract

Quantized vortices play a key role in superfluidity and superconductivity. We have observed the formation of highly ordered vortex lattices in a rotating Bose-condensed gas. These triangular lattices contained over 100 vortices with lifetimes of several seconds. Individual vortices persisted up to 40 seconds. The lattices could be generated over a wide range of rotation frequencies and trap geometries, shedding light on the formation process. Our observation of dislocations, irregular structure, and dynamics indicates that gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates may be a model system for the study of vortex matter.

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