Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and human parturition

Abstract

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), the hypothalamic peptide that controls function of the pituitary-adrenal axis in response to stress, is expressed in abundance in the human placenta and is present in high concentrations in maternal and fetal plasma during late pregnancy. A number of lines of evidence now imply a role for this hormone in the control of parturition and fetal maturation in humans. It has been proposed that CRH, through interactions with oestrogen, adrenal steroids, prostaglandins and oxytocin, establishes positive-feedback loops that initiate parturition and labour. Excessive production of placental CRH has also been linked to preterm labour. However, there are a number of significant gaps in our knowledge of the function of this peptide in pregnancy. This review examines current evidence regarding the putative role of CRH in human parturition.