Episodic high irrigation pressure during surgical neuroendoscopy may cause intermittent intracranial circulatory insufficiency

Abstract

Intermittent high peak pressure values inside the endoscope during neuroendoscopic surgical procedures are associated with postoperative morbidity. Unexpected delay in awakening is the complication most frequently observed by the anesthesiologist as a result of high peak pressure values inside the endoscope. During eight neuroendoscopic procedures the authors continuously monitored cerebral hemodynamic function, using a transcranial doppler (TCD) probe fixed on patients' temporal window. We observed that episodes of high peak pressure values inside the endoscope during neuroendoscopic navigation rinsing periods resulted in changes in the TCD wave profile consistent with "near intracranial circulatory arrestlike" wave. No systemic hemodynamic warning signs accompanied these intermittent episodes of severe decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure. When the rinsing liquid was allowed to escape, the pressure inside the endoscope decreased and the TCD wave immediately returned to its previous value. Neuroendoscopic procedures, although classified as minimally invasive surgery, warrant special monitoring that could alert us to a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure. Middle cerebral artery TCD recording is a reliable and accurate tool for this purpose.