The relationship between pressure ulcer incidence and buttock-seat cushion interface pressure in at-risk elderly wheelchair users

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relation between pressure ulcer incidence and buttock-wheelchair seat cushion interface pressure measurements.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial.

Setting: Skilled nursing facility.

Patients: Thirty-two elderly patients (age, > or = 65 yr), with Braden score < or = 18 and Braden mobility and activity subscale score < or = 5, who used wheelchairs > or = 6 hr/d, were free of existing sitting-induced pressure ulcers, and weighed < or = 250 lb.

Interventions: Generic foam seat cushion or pressure-reducing seat cushion.

Main outcome measures: The incidence of sitting-induced pressure ulcers over a 1- to 12-month period was compared with pressure measured between patients' buttocks and wheelchair seat cushions. A flexible pad with a 15 x 15 pressure sensor array was used to measure interface pressure.

Results: Interface pressure measured on wheelchair seat cushions was higher (p < or = .01 for both peak pressure and average of highest 4 pressures) for patients who developed sitting-acquired pressure ulcers compared with those patients who did not.

Conclusions: Results indicated that higher interface pressure measurements are associated with a higher incidence of sitting-acquired pressure ulcers for high-risk elderly people who use wheelchairs.