[Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with coronary disease]

Abstract

Background: B-mode ultrasonography is a simple and valid method to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis of the major superficial arteries. The aim of this study was toknow by this technique the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosisin patients with coronary disease and related factors.

Patients and method: In 232patients (205 men and 27 women; age: mean [standard deviation]59 [8] years) with coronary disease, intima-media thickness (IMT),presence and number of atheroma plaques in carotid arteries wereevaluated by B-mode ultrasonography. Controls were 50 healthy subjects whose age was not different from patients. Carotid atherosclerosis was considered when IMT was higher than mean plus two standarddeviations of control values, and/or existence of atheroma plaques.

Results: Carotid IMT wasincreased in patients compared to controls 0.82 [0.22] vs 0.62[0.12] mm; p < 0.001) and there were more patients with plaques(67 vs 20%; p < 0.001). Carotid atherosclerosis was found in170 patients and 11 controls (73 vs 22%; p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, carotid atherosclerosis was associated with age (oddsratio: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.09) and smoking(odds ratio, 2.11; 95% CI: 1.04-4.26). The presence of more thanone plaque was associated with levels of low-density-lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02).

Conclusions: In the patients with coronary disease, prevalence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosisis very high (73%), and it is associated with age and smoking. The advanced stage of atherosclerosis, evaluated by the existence of more than one plaque, is correlated with LDL-cholesterol levels.