Combined effects of AT(1) and ET(A) receptor antagonists, candesartan, and A-127722 in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats

Abstract

Several recent studies have provided evidence that many of the hemodynamic and mitogenic actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) are mediated by endothelin-1 (ET-1). We hypothesized that Ang II and ET-1 act synergistically to promote a decline in renal function and the development of renal fibrosis in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt model of malignant hypertension and renal dysfunction. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of ET(A) receptor antagonism (A-127722) and AT(1) receptor antagonism (candesartan cilexetil) on the development of renal fibrosis and the decline of renal function. Surgery was conducted on male, Sprague-Dawley rats to remove the right kidney and implant subcutaneously a time-release pellet containing DOCA. DOCA-treated rats were also given 0.9% NaCl to drink. After recovery from surgery, rats received one of four treatments via the drinking solution: (1) candesartan cilexetil (10 mg/kg/day), (2) A-127722 (10 mg/kg/day), (3) candesartan cilexetil plus A-127722, or (4) untreated controls. Over the course of a 3-week treatment period, systolic arterial pressure in all groups were elevated. However, this increase was significantly attenuated in the group given combined A-127722 and candesartan, but not with candesartan alone. Creatinine clearance, used as a measure of GFR, was significantly higher in rats treated with either or both drugs. At the end of the study, renal medullary tissue was harvested for determination of TGF-beta and fibronectin content (ELISA). TGF-beta levels were not reduced by either ET(A), AT(1), or combined ET(A) and AT(1) receptor blockade. Likewise, fibronectin content was similar among groups. These studies indicate that combined ET(A) and AT(1) receptor blockade may produce some improvement on hemodynamics, but have no effect on progression of renal damage in this non-renin-dependent model of hypertension.

Fig. 1

Tail cuff measurements of systolic arterial in DOCA–salt rats. Separate groups were treated with ET_A antagonist, A-127722, AT₁ antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, A-127722 plus candesartan cilexetil, or untreated controls (n = 6 in each group). * P < .05 compared to the untreated control group at any given week.

Fig. 2

Body weight in DOCA–salt rats treated with ET_A antagonist, A-127722, AT₁ antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, A-127722 plus candesartan cilexetil, or untreated controls. * P < .05 compared to the untreated control group at any given week.

Fig. 3

Urinary protein excretion in DOCA–salt rats treated with ET_A antagonist, A-127722, AT₁ antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, A-127722 plus candesartan cilexetil, or untreated controls.

Fig. 4

Creatinine clearance (A) and urinary ET-1 excretion (B) in DOCA–salt rats treated with ET_A antagonist, A-127722, AT₁ antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, A-127722 plus candesartan cilexetil, or untreated controls. * P < .05 compared to the untreated control group.

Fig. 5

Tissue concentrations of TGF-β (A) and fibronectin (B) in kidneys of DOCA–salt rats treated with ET_A antagonist, A-127722, AT₁ antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, A-127722 plus candesartan cilexetil, or untreated controls. * P < .05 compared to the untreated control group.

Fig. 6

Urine volume (A), sodium excretion (B), water intake (C), and food intake (D) in DOCA–salt rats treated with ET_A antagonist, A-127722, AT₁ antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, A-127722 plus candesartan cilexetil, or untreated controls. * P < .05 compared to the untreated control group at any given week.