Geriatric trauma hospitalization in the United States: a population-based study

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize elderly trauma hospitalizations nationwide. Elderly Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized in 1989, with trauma as a primary or secondary diagnosis, were studied cross-sectionally. Descriptive analyses and primary mortality rates among different levels of trauma center designation were provided. Estimated relative risks, chi-square tests of association, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. There were 577,193 geriatric trauma patients admitted to 5227 short-stay U.S. hospitals. Level one trauma centers constituted less than 4% of hospitals, but admitted 7.5% of patients, including disproportionate numbers of blacks, males, and patients with more severe primary injury diagnoses. Risk of inpatient death increased with age, male gender, black race, and severity of injury. Level one trauma center patients displayed a 1.49 greater risk for inpatient death even after controlling for confounding variables in a multivariate model. This population-based study provides a detailed national picture of the elderly trauma hospitalization experience, contrasting profiles and outcomes between hospitals with and without designated trauma centers. Although demonstrating higher inpatient mortality rates, Level one trauma centers admit a decidedly different patient population than other hospitals, which is disproportionately younger, black and male and includes the most severely injured geriatric patients. Additional confounding factors should be explored.