Highly sensitive one-tube RT-PCR and microplate hybridisation assay for the detection and for the discrimination of classical swine fever virus from other pestiviruses

Abstract

Rapid, sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostic methods are necessary to confirm outbreaks of classical swine fever. The detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and its discrimination from other pestiviruses can be achieved by virus isolation on cell culture, antigen detection, or molecular methods. To reduce the time and the number of steps in the diagnostic procedure a sensitive and rapid detection method based on specific amplification of the pestiviral RNA by one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by detection and differentiation of the amplification products by pestivirus-, bovine viral diarrhoea virus- (BVDV-) and CSFV-specific capture probe hybridisation and colorimetric assay in microwell plates (enzyme liked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) was developed. Two different methods using two gene regions for pestivirus RT-PCR amplification were carried out. One pair of primers was selected from the 5'-UTR region and the second one from the gene region coding for N(pro), C and E0 proteins. The designed oligonucleotide primers were used for several pestivirus reference strains as well as for some field isolates detection in cell culture supernatants and in clinical specimens. The specificity and sensitivity of both methods were compared using EZ rTth RNA PCR kit and ACCESS RT-PCR system for combined RT-PCR assay. The use of one-step RT-PCR eliminates the additional manipulations that are generally required for a two reaction system and limits the risk of carry-over contamination. Labelling of PCR products with digoxigenin (DIG) during the amplification reaction enables colorimetric assessment of hybridisation reactions. For solution hybridisation pestivirus-, BVDV- and CSFV-specific biotin-labelled capture probes were used. By serial dilutions of DIG-labelled PCR products the RT-PCR-ELISA was found to be 100-times more sensitive than the conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. Higher sensitivity of RT-PCR-ELISA detection using specific biotin-labelled probes offers the opportunity to eliminate strain specific nested PCR and to overcome the problems with contamination and false positive results.