Women's knowledge of Pap smears, risk factors for cervical cancer, and cervical cancer

Abstract

Objective: To review the literature on women's knowledge of Pap smears, risk factors for cervical cancer, and cervical cancer.

Data sources: The review was based on a search of the relevant literature over a 10-year period using MEDLINE and CINAHL.

Data extraction: Articles from relevant, indexed journals and textbooks published within the past decade were included. Seminal articles were included as appropriate.

Data synthesis: Risk factors for the development of cervical cancer have been reevaluated. The case for human papillomavirus as the cause of cervical neoplasms has been strengthened.

Conclusions: Cervical cancer is associated with early sexual debut, number of lifetime sexual partners, nonuse of condoms, and infection with human papillomavirus. Cigarette smoking facilitates development of cervical cancer.