Utilizing pain assessment scales increases the frequency of diagnosing pain among elderly nursing home residents

Abstract

To study the effect of utilizing a combination of three easily-administered pain assessment instruments on the frequency of diagnosing pain among elderly nursing home residents, a cross-sectional study was conducted at two academic skilled nursing facilities: an 899-bed facility in Long Island, New York, and a 201-bed facility in Maryland Heights, Missouri. A total of 305 randomly selected elderly (>or= 60 years) subjects were enrolled in this study. The study involved medical records abstracting and patient interviews. Pain was assessed in 150 (49%) subjects using the question "Do you have pain?" (Group 1). In the remaining 155 (51%) subjects (Group 2), pain was assessed using three pain assessment instruments: the visual analog scale, the behavior (faces) scale, and the pain descriptive scale. The overall frequency of diagnosing pain was greater in the subjects in Group 2 compared to the subjects in Group 1 (30% vs. 15%, P < 0.01). Using the three pain assessment scales greatly increased the frequency of diagnosing pain among the old-old (>or= 85 years) residents (32% Group 2 vs. 6% Group 1, P < 0.001). The frequency of diagnosing pain among cognitively impaired residents showed a similar trend (16% Group 2 vs. 10% Group 1, P = 0.2). These data indicate that using three easily-administered pain assessment scales increased the frequency of diagnosing pain among nursing home residents.