Left atrial appendage outflow velocity index is superior to conventional criteria for prediction of maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion. An echocardiographic study in patients with atrial fibrillation of a few months' duration

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether left atrial appendage outflow velocity alone or in relation to left atrial diameter is a superior predictor of sinus rhythm maintenance after cardioversion compared with traditional clinical or echocardiography parameters.

Design: Sixty-two patients with their first episode of atrial fibrillation were examined using echocardiography before DC-cardioversion. At one month's follow-up, 42 patients had maintained sinus rhythm (group A), and 20 had relapsed into atrial fibrillation (group B). There were no differences in arrhythmia duration or antiarrhythmic therapy between the groups.

Results: Left atrial diameter measured by echocardiography was smaller in group A (42 mm, 95% CI 40.9-44.1 mm) compared with group B (46 mm, 95% CI 43.4-48.2, p < 0.05). Patients in group A had a higher left atrial appendage outflow velocity at 0.44 m/s (95% CI 0.39-0.49) compared with 0.34 m/s (95% CI 0.30-0.37) in group B (p < 0.01). The ratio of left atrial appendage flow to left atrial diameter was 0.011 (95% CI 0.009-0.012) in group A compared with 0.008 (95% CI 0.007-0.009) in group B, and 63% (95% CI 33-78) of the patients in group A had velocity ratio >0.009 compared with 20% (95% CI 2-38) in group B, (p < 0.01). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a velocity ratio >0.009 was the only predictor for maintenance of sinus rhythm one month after cardioversion with an odds ratio of 6.4 (95% CI 1.9-23.8), (p = 0.004).

Conclusion: The ratio of left atrial appendage outflow velocity to left atrial diameter is superior to the traditionally used criteria for prediction of maintenance of sinus rhythm following DC-conversion of first-episode atrial fibrillation.