Body fat, fat distribution and serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in African-American and Caucasian-American prepubertal children

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of body fat mass and fat distribution on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in African-American and Caucasian-American prepubertal children.

Subjects: Study participants included 62 African-American children (age 8.3+/-1.4 y; body mass 37.3+/-13.6 kg; height 133+/-11 cm) and 39 Caucasian children (age 8.6+/-1.2 y; body mass 34.1+/-11.0 kg; height 131+/-9 cm).

Methods: Venous blood samples were obtained after a 12 h overnight fast and serum was analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerol (TAG), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) concentrations. Body composition and body fat distribution were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography, respectively.

Results: African-American children had lower TAG (46+/-20 vs 61+/-32 mg/dl, P=0.015) and higher Lp(a) (34+/-25 vs 17+/-28 mg/dl, P=0.001) and HDL-C (44+/-11 vs 39+/-8 mg/dl, P=0.041). There were no ethnic differences in TC, ApoA-I and ApoB (P=0.535, P=0.218, P=0.418, respectively). The ethnic difference in TAG and Lp(a) was not explained by total fat or abdominal fat. The ethnic difference in HDL-C was explained by visceral fat and TAG.

Conclusion: In prepubertal children, neither body fat nor fat distribution explain the ethnic difference in TAG or Lp(a), but visceral fat and TAG may contribute to differences in HDL-C.