Suppression of macrophage interleukin-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in mice infected with Toxocara canis

Abstract

Toxocara canis induces a predominantly Th2 type response with enhanced amounts of interleukin (IL)-4 and reduced amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma in infected mice. In this study, we investigated the macrophage function of T. canis-infected mice from the standpoint of cytokine production. C3H/HeN mice were infected with T. canis by oral administration of embryonated eggs. Ten days after infection, macrophages were obtained from spleen and peritoneal cavity, were cultured with lipopolysaccharide, and cytokines in the culture supernatant were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Macrophages from T. canis-infected mice produced IL-1 and IL-6 equivalent to macrophages from normal mice. The production of IL-10 and tumour growth factor (TGF)-beta was enhanced, but IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production was diminished. The addition of IFN-gamma, anti-IL-10 antibody, anti-TGF-beta antibody or indomethacin did not restore the production of IL-12 and TNF-alpha by macrophages from T. canis-infected mice. Furthermore, the stimulation of normal macrophages with T. canis antigen in vitro induced IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-beta, but not IL-12 and TNF-alpha. These results indicate that cytokine producing pattern of macrophages is altered by T. canis-infection, and this altered macrophage function may play an important role in the modification of the immune response to T. canis.