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. 2001 Jun 15;28(1):23-30.
doi: 10.1016/s0212-6567(01)78891-9.

[Glaucoma and ocular hypertension in primary care]

[Article in Spanish]
J Jaén Díaz  1 , I Sanz Alcolea, F López De Castro, T Pérez Martínez, P Ortega Campos, R Corral Morales
Affiliations

[Glaucoma and ocular hypertension in primary care]

[Article in Spanish]
J Jaén Díaz et al. Aten Primaria. .

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Objectives: To find the distribution of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in our population over 40 and the prevalence of glaucoma (G) and ocular hypertension (OH).

Design: Descriptive.

Setting: Primary care.

Subjects: 990 people >= 40 years old.Measurements. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ophthalmic history, risk factors, visual sharpness (optotype), ophthalmoscopy and IOP (applanation tonometry). Patients with back-of-eye disorders and/or IOP >= 21 mmHg were referred to the ophthalmologist for assessment (campimeter).

Results: 870 people, average age 54.66 and 45.4% of them men. Mean IOP was 12.96 in the right eye and 13.27 in the left, with significant differences between them, but not between sexes or age-groups. 70 patients were referred (11 for IOP >= 21, 54 for disturbance perceived by ophthalmoscope and 5 for both reasons). The ophthalmologist classified 9 as G, 12 as OH and 15 as suspected G. We calculated 1.81% (95% CI, 0.98-2.63) prevalence of G in the >= 40s, including 9 cases already known. OH prevalence was 1.61% (95% CI, 0.82-2.39). Through logistical regression, we found greater risk of G in people with myopia (OR adjusted for age and sex = 3.01) and Hypertriglyceridaemia (ORa, 6.34). OH risk was significantly greater in patients with BMI >= 30 (ORa, >= 4.20).

Conclusions: Glaucoma prevalence confirms published findings from other similar populations, while IOP and OH prevalence were much less here. Given that half G cases are undiagnosed, we believe its early detection in primary care should be highlighted, at least in at-risk groups.

Objetivos: Conocer la distribución de la presión intraocular (PIO) en nuestra población mayor de 40 años, así como la prevalencia de glaucoma (G) e hipertensión intraocular (HIO).

Diseño: Descriptivo.

Emplazamiento: Atención primaria.

Sujetos: Novecientas noventa personas ≥ 40 años.

Mediciones: Edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), antecedentes oftálmicos, factores de riesgo, agudeza visual (optotipo), oftalmoscopia y PIO (tonometría de aplanación). Los pacientes con alteraciones en fondo de ojo y/o PIO ≥ 21 mmHg fueron remitidos al oftalmólogo para su valoración (campimetría).

Resultados: Ochocientas setenta personas; edad media, 54,66 años; 45,4%, varones. La PIO media fue de 12,96 en ojo derecho y 13,27 en izquierdo, existiendo diferencias significativas entre ambos, pero no entre sexos ni grupos de edad. Se derivaron 70 pacientes (11 por PIO ≥ 21; 54 por oftalmoscopia alterada y 5 por ambos motivos), catalogando el oftalmólogo a 9 como G, 12 como HIO y 15 como sospechosos de G. Estimamos una prevalencia de G en ≥ 40 años del 1,81% (IC del 95%, 0,98–2,63%), incluyendo 9 casos ya conocidos. La prevalencia de HIO es del 1,61% (IC del 95%, 0,82–2,39%). Mediante regresión logística, encontramos mayor riesgo de G en miopes (OR ajustada [ORa] por edad y sexo, 3,01) e hipertrigliceridemia (ORa, 6,34). El riesgo de HIO es significativamente superior en pacientes con IMC ≥ 30 (ORa, 4,20).

Conclusiones: La prevalencia de G coincide con lo publicado para poblaciones similares, mientras la PIO y la prevalencia de HIO son sensiblemente inferiores. Dado que la mitad de los G están sin diagnosticar, creemos que debería valorarse su detección precoz en atención primaria, al menos en colectivos de riesgo.

Objective: To find the distribution of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in our population over 40 and the prevalence of glaucoma (G) and ocular hypertension (OH).

Design: Descriptive.

Setting: Primary care.

Subjects: 990 people ≥ 40 years old.

Measurements: Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ophthalmic history, risk factors, visual sharpness (optotype), ophthalmoscopy and IOP (applanation tonometry). Patients with back-of-eye disorders and/or IOP ≥ 21 mmHg were referred to the ophthalmologist for assessment (campimeter).

Results: 870 people, average age 54.66 and 45.4% of them men. Mean IOP was 12.96 in the right eye and 13.27 in the left, with significant differences between them, but not between sexes or age-groups. 70 patients were referred (11 for IOP ≥ 21, 54 for disturbance perceived by ophthalmoscope and 5 for both reasons). The ophthalmologist classified 9 as G, 12 as OH and 15 as suspected G. We calculated 1.81% (95% CI, 0.98–2.63) prevalence of G in the ≥ 40s, including 9 cases already known. OH prevalence was 1.61% (95% CI, 0.82–2.39). Through logistical regression, we found greater risk of G in people with myopia (OR adjusted for age and sex = 3.01) and Hypertriglyceridaemia (ORa, 6.34). OH risk was significantly greater in patients with BMI ≥ 30 (ORa, ≥ 4.20).

Conclusions: Glaucoma prevalence confirms published findings from other similar populations, while IOP and OH prevalence were much less here. Given that half G cases are undiagnosed, we believe its early detection in primary care should be highlighted, at least in at-risk groups.

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