Influence of prior meningococcal C polysaccharide vaccination on the response and generation of memory after meningococcal C conjugate vaccination in young children

Abstract

To determine whether the immunological hyporesponsiveness induced by meningococcal AC polysaccharide (MACP) vaccines can be overcome by meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine in young children, serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) serogroup C-specific IgG and IgG avidity indices were measured in young children who received MACP vaccine, followed 7 months later by MCC vaccine, and their responses were compared with those in age-matched MACP-naive control children, who received a single dose of MCC vaccine. For children <1 year of age at MACP vaccination, the SBA geometric mean titer (GMT) after MCC vaccination was lower (P=.022) and proportions with SBA titers <8 (P=.0083) or <128 (P=.0091) were higher than those in the control children. For older children, there was no difference in the SBA GMTs between the study and control groups (P>.5) or in the proportion with SBA titers <8 (P=1.00) or <128 (P=.98). No increase in avidity occurred after MACP vaccination, whereas avidity increased significantly 1 month after MCC vaccination, with a further increase at 6 months, which indicates that the induction of immunological memory was not impaired.