Effect of femoral component offset on polyethylene wear in total hip arthroplasty

Abstract

Seventeen staged, bilateral total hip arthroplasties performed in 17 patients were reviewed to compare side-to-side polyethylene wear. Implants used on both sides were similar except for implant offset: one hip in each patient was replaced using a femoral component having a standard implant offset, whereas the other side had a lateral offset implant. The mean followup was 5.70 years (range, 2-10.2 years) on the side with a standard femoral implant and 5.67 years (range, 2-9.7 years) on the side with a lateralized femoral component. The only statistically different parameter between the sides was the femoral component offset. All other parameters affecting polyethylene wear, such as period of followup, head size, head type, cup size, cup inclination, medialization of cup, and patient-related factors were similar on both sides. On the side with a standard femoral component, the mean actual prosthetic offset (determined by manufacturer's specifications) was 35.2 mm and the radiologic offset was 31.5 mm. On the side with a lateralized femoral component, the actual prosthetic offset was 42.5 mm and the radiologic offset was 40.1 mm. The difference in offsets between the sides was statistically significant. The mean preoperative offset of the femur was 38.8 mm. Regression analysis revealed that only femoral component offset and cup size correlated significantly with linear wear rate. On the side with a standard femoral component, the linear wear rate was 0.21 mm per year, whereas on the side with a lateralized femoral component, the linear wear rate was 0.10 mm per year. The differences in the linear wear rates were significant. Lateralization of the femoral component in this series more closely restored preoperative hip biomechanics and significantly decreased polyethylene wear.