In vitro assessment of the mechanical properties of latex and non-latex orthodontic elastics

Abstract

The increased incidence of latex allergies has led to the development of non-latex orthodontic products. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of latex and non-latex orthodontic elastics. The elastics tested were from 2 manufacturers (GAC and Masel) and made of 2 materials (latex and non-latex). The properties tested included cross-sectional area, breaking force, peak load, peak stress, stiffness, modulus, hysteresis, and 24-hour load relaxation. The data were analyzed with 1-sample t tests, an analysis of variance, and the Fisher PLSD test. Between GAC and Masel, the GAC non-latex elastics had greater breaking forces than did the Masel non-latex elastics. The Masel latex elastics had greater breaking forces than did the Masel non-latex elastics. The GAC non-latex elastics showed more viscoelastic properties than both the GAC latex elastics and the Masel non-latex elastics; however, the Masel elastics were more viscoelastic than the GAC elastics. Forces generated by the elastics decreased over 24 hours to an average load approximating 75% of the manufacturers' values (GAC latex, Masel latex, and Masel non-latex elastics) and to 60% for the GAC non-latex elastics. The mechanical properties of the non-latex elastics were not comparable to those of the latex elastics. Therefore, the clinical choice of elastics should be based on the patient's medical history and the specific mechanical properties of the type of elastic.