Diagnosis and management of chronic blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the history, symptoms, and clinical signs and discuss the treatment of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.

Methods: Eight children (five girls and three boys), ranging in age from 3.5-13 years, were clinically diagnosed with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis. Microbiology studies were performed in four of the eight children. Treatment consisted of lid hygiene, oral erythromycin suspension, and preservative-free steroids. Duration of therapy was directed by clinical improvement.

Results: Average age at onset was 3.2 years (range: 0.5-8 years). Lid disease, conjunctival redness, and inferior superficial corneal vascularization were consistent features (100%). Other signs were punctate corneal epithelial staining, inferior subepithelial vascularization and infiltrate, conjunctival phlyctenules, corneal phlyctenules, and circumferential pannus. Microbiology testing demonstrated coagulase-negative staphylococcus and Propionibacterium acnes. Average follow-up was 8.3 months (range: 2-23 months). All patients had relief of symptoms within 2-3 weeks. Clinical signs took more time to regress but all had progressive improvement of the ocular surface by 2 months. Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis reactivated in all patients during follow-up, and repeat therapy was administered.

Conclusion: Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in childhood is a chronic inflammatory process that can have different presentations. It can be successfully treated with oral erythromycin and topical steroids.