Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2001 Aug 15;20(16):4337-40.
doi: 10.1093/emboj/20.16.4337.

New EMBO members' review: the double life of HMGB1 chromatin protein: architectural factor and extracellular signal

S Müller  1 , P Scaffidi, B Degryse, T Bonaldi, L Ronfani, A Agresti, M Beltrame, M E Bianchi
Affiliations
Review

New EMBO members' review: the double life of HMGB1 chromatin protein: architectural factor and extracellular signal

S Müller et al. EMBO J. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

None
Fig. 1. Extracellular HMGB1 mediates migration of cells, metastasis and inflammatory responses. Most types of cells (upper) passively release nuclear HMGB1 (green spheres) into their surroundings after they have died. Alternatively, HMGB1 can be actively secreted from monocytes (and a limited number of other cells, lower part of the drawing) upon stimulation with LPS, TNF-α or IL-1. Secretion does not involve passage through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Extracellular HMGB1 provokes in other cells (green) that bear a receptor for HMGB1 an appropriate response for that cell type, like cell migration or inflammation.
None
Fig. 2. Known signalling mechanisms of extracellular HMGB1. Extracellular HMGB1 (green spheres) stimulates smooth muscle cells (red) to migrate. This response is mediated through RAGE, a Gi/o protein and the MAP kinase pathway, but the exact connection between these participants in the signal transduction cascade is not known. Neurite outgrowth in neurons (yellow) is activated by HMGB1 binding to RAGE, and the signal is channelled through the Rho family of small GTPases. Signalling of HMGB1 through RAGE also activates the Ras/MAP kinase pathway, leading ultimately to activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and its nuclear translocation. Other receptors (green) might also mediate responses to extracellular HMGB1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Abraham E., Arcaroli,J., Carmody,A., Wang,H. and Tracey,K.J. (2000) HMG-1 as a mediator of acute lung inflammation. J. Immunol., 165, 2950–2954. - PubMed
    1. Andersson U. et al. (2000) High Mobility Group 1 protein (HMG-1) stimulates proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in human monocytes. J. Exp. Med., 192, 565–570. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Andrei C., Dazzi,C., Lotti,L., Torrisi,M.R., Chimini,G. and Rubartelli,A. (1999) The secretory route of the leaderless protein interleukin 1β involves exocytosis of endolysosome-related vesicles. Mol. Biol. Cell, 10, 1463–1475. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bianchi M.E. (1988) Interaction of a protein from rat liver nuclei with cruciform DNA. EMBO J., 7, 843–849. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bianchi M.E. and Beltrame,M. (2000) Upwardly mobile proteins. The role of HMG proteins in chromatin structure, gene expression and neoplasia. EMBO Rep., 1, 109–119. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types