Transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment of symptomatic cavernous hemangiomas of the liver: a prospective study

Abstract

Background: This prospective study evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for the treatment of symptomatic cavernous hemangiomas of the liver. The technique, its complications, and effectiveness also were analyzed.

Methods: Eight patients (five male, three female; mean age +/- SD = 47.75 +/- 8.59 years) with symptomatic cavernous hemangiomas of the liver were treated by TAE with polyvinyl alcohol particles or gelfoam and steel coils (single session) followed by supportive treatment. Tumor characterization (including the extent and number of lesions) was done on triple-phase helical computed tomography or gadolinium-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.

Results: The lesions were located in the right lobe in five patients, left lobe in one, and both lobes in two. The largest diameter of the lesions was 6-18 cm (9.28 +/- 5.13 cm). The treatment response was assessed on follow-up ultrasound and color Doppler and/or contrast-enhanced helical computed tomography. There were no treatment-related deaths and morbidity was minimal. Embolization was the only method of treatment in seven patients; however, one patient had surgery after TAE because the symptoms were only partly relieved. Indications for embolization were abdominal pain (eight patients), rapid tumor enlargement (four of eight), and recurrent jaundice (one of eight). Symptomatic improvement was documented in all patients after embolization. Symptoms did not worsen in any patient. The mean size of the tumor did not show any statistically significant change on follow-up radiologic examinations. However, in one patient, the tumor significantly regressed in size after embolization.

Conclusion: TAE of hepatic cavernous hemangioma is a useful procedure in the therapy of symptomatic hemangiomas.