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Meta-Analysis
. 2001 Aug;46(6):542-8.
doi: 10.1177/070674370104600609.

Pre-, peri-, and postnatal trauma in subjects with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

M Zappitelli  1 , T Pinto, N Grizenko
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Pre-, peri-, and postnatal trauma in subjects with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

M Zappitelli et al. Can J Psychiatry. 2001 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: To review research on pre-, peri-, and postnatal stress and their potential relation to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: We selected and critically reviewed 51 research reports from the medical and psychology literature, between January 1, 1976 and May 1, 2001, based on the subjects of pre-, peri-, or postnatal stress and ADHD.

Results: Children with ADHD show higher percentages of pre-, peri-, or postnatal insult, compared with unaffected children; however, the relative influence of various factors is still controversial.

Conclusions: The etiology of ADHD encompasses genetic and environmental factors. Pre-, peri-, and postnatal stressors are environmental factors that may play a role in its etiology. Future research should carefully examine interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors as etiologies of ADHD.

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