Nodal distribution and its significance in FIGO stage IIIc endometrial cancer

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of nodal disease in FIGO Stage IIIc endometrial cancer (EC) and to evaluate whether nodal distribution is related to recurrence and survival.

Methods: Charts from EC patients with FIGO Stage IIIc disease from 1989 to 1998 were abstracted for clinicopathologic data, pelvic (PLN) and para-aortic (PALN) nodal involvement, number of positive/removed nodes, and extranodal disease spread. Patterns of nodal distribution were evaluated for site of first recurrence and survival. Associations between variables were tested by chi(2) and Wilcoxon rank sums. Survival analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: Of 607 EC patients evaluated, 47 were identified with FIGO Stage IIIc disease. All 47 patients underwent hysterectomy and PLN sampling, and 42/47 had PALN sampling. The median number of PLN removed was 16 (range 2-35), and the median number of PALN was 7 (0-18). Stage IIIc disease was defined by positive PLN alone in 43%, positive PLN and PALN in 40%, and positive PALN alone in 17%. Positive peritoneal cytology and/or adnexal metastasis were present in 12 patients. Only 1/12 of these patients had isolated positive PLN whereas 11/12 had positive PALN (P = 0.007). An increasing number of positive PLN was associated with PALN metastasis (P = 0.0001), and of the 10 patients with bilateral PLN involvement, 9/10 also had positive PALN (P = 0.001). Sites of first recurrence were similar regardless of whether PALN were positive. At a median follow-up of 37 months, the 3-year survival estimate was 70% for patients with positive PALN versus 87% for those with isolated PLN disease (P = 0.22). For all patients neither the total number of positive PLN nor the total number of PLN or PALN removed was associated with survival.

Conclusions: PALN involvement is common in patients with FIGO Stage IIIc endometrial cancer, suggesting that PLN sampling alone may result in underdiagnosis of disease. Patients with positive PALN had more extensive disease, but survival and patterns of failure were not significantly different from those with disease confined to PLN, suggesting that lymph node dissection may have a therapeutic role.